Cyber Security Manager Interview Questions

What Is An Arp And How Does It Work

Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol for mapping an Internet Protocol address to a physical machine address that is recognized in the local network.

When an incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular local area network arrives at a gateway, the gateway asks the ARP program to find a physical host or MAC address that matches the IP address.

The ARP program looks in the ARP cache and, if it finds the address, provides it so that the packet can be converted to the right packet length and format and sent to the machine.

If no entry is found for the IP address, ARP broadcasts a request packet in a special format to all the machines on the LAN to see if one machine knows that it has that IP address associated with it.

What Is The Importance Of Penetration Testing In An Enterprise

Here are two common application of Penetration testing.

• Financial sectors like stock trading exchanges, investment banking, want their data to be secured, and penetration testing is essential to ensure security.
• In case if the software system is already hacked and the organization would like to determine whether any threats are still present in the system to avoid future hacks.

What Are The Seven Layers Of The Osi Model

The main objective of the OSI model is to process the communication between two endpoints in a network.

The seven open systems interconnection layers are listed below:

• Application layer – It allows users to communicate with network/application whenever required to perform network-related operations.
• Presentation layer – It manages encryption and decryption of data required for the application layer. It translates or formats data for the application layer based on the syntax of the application that accepts.
• Session layer – It determines the period of a system that waits for other applications to respond.
• Transport layer – It is used for sending data across a network and also offers error checking practices and data flow controls.
• Network layer – It is used to transfer data to and fro through another network.
• Data-link layer – It handles the flow of data to and fro in a network. It also controls problems that occur due to bit transmission errors.
• Physical layer – It transfers the computer bits from one device to another through the network. It also controls how physical connections are set up to the network and also bits represented into signals while transmitting either optically, electrically, or radio waves.

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What Has Been Your Most Epic Failure And What Did You Learn From This Experience

The strongest leaders have failed many times and have learned to embrace failure as their greatest tool for learning, Clark says. The best and brightest wear their failures as a badge of courage, Clark says. This question touches the emotional core and reveals how comfortable they are with themselves and with their failure, how risk tolerant they are, how confident they are in their ability to learn from and recover after failure, as well as their overall thinking process under pressure.

Its a big plus when candidates can approach this question with a sense of humor, vulnerability, and authenticity, Clark says.

Which Is More Secure Ssl Or Https

• SSL is a secure protocol that provides safer conversations between two or more parties across the internet. It works on top of the HTTP to provide security.
• HTTPS is a combination of HTTP and SSL to provide a safer browsing experience with encryption.
• In terms of security, SSL is more secure than HTTPS.

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How Do You Decide The Placement Of The Encryption Function

We must decide what to encrypt and where the encryption mechanism should be situated if encryption is to be used to counter attacks on confidentiality. Link and end-to-end encryption are the two main ways of encryption placement.End-to-end encryption, or E2EE, is a secure data transfer system in which data is encrypted and decrypted only at the endpoints, regardless of how many points it passes through in the middle of its virtual journey. This sort of encryption is an excellent technique to communicate in a secure and confidential manner. Because no one else has the key to decode it, no one in the middle will be able to read it.The primary difference between link encryption and end-to-end encryption is that link encryption encrypts and decrypts all traffic at all points, not just at the endpoints. All data is encrypted as it travels along the communication line with this approach. When it reaches a router or another intermediary device, however, it is decrypted so that the intermediator can determine which direction to send it next.

What Is Traceroute Mention Its Uses

Traceroute is a network diagnostic tool. It helps track the route taken by a packet that is sent across the IP network. It shows the IP addresses of all the routers it pinged between the source and the destination.

Uses:

• It shows the time taken by the packet for each hop during the transmission.
• When the packet is lost during the transmission, the traceroute will identify where the point of failure is.

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After Completing This Cybersecurity Course What Should I Do Next

After completing this Cyber Security training online, you can receive assistance from our Career Support team. They will help you to prepare for cybersecurity job interviews with top MNCs in this domain. The team will help to build and polish up your resume as well as get you interview ready with cybersecurity mock interviews conducted by the technical experts.

You Find Out That There Is An Active Problem On Your Network You Can Fix It But It Is Out Of Your Jurisdiction What Do You Do

This question is a biggie. The true answer is that you contact the person in charge of that department via email make sure to keep that for your records along with CCing your manager. There may be a very important reason why a system is configured in a particular way, and locking it out could mean big trouble. Bringing up your concerns to the responsible party is the best way to let them know that you saw a potential problem, are letting them know about it, and covering yourself at the same time by having a timestamp on it.

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Common Cyber Security Interview Questions

Cyber security is a great way to make the world a better place. To begin work as a cyber security professional does not require any formal training or courses. However, clearing a cyber security interview round is not easy and convenient. You have to be well-versed with the working and processes of the IT concept. These common cyber security interview questions will better help you understand the IT concept.

1. What are the main elements of cyber security?Cyber security protects the hardware, software, and data from hackers or unauthorized infringement. Here are the main elements of cyber security:

• Information security
• Business continuity planning

2. What is the meaning of data leakage?Data leakage can be summarized as unauthorized access to important information or data of a company or an individual in public or on the internet. Data leakage occurs due to security vulnerabilities, poor data protection practices, human error, or side-effects of a virus. Data leaks and data breaches are often considered the same, but they are fundamentally different.

Explain The Concept Of Iv In Encryption

IV is an arbitrary number used to ensure that identical text is encrypted to different ciphertexts. The encryption program uses an IV program only once per session. The preparation of cyber security interview questions and answers is highly recommended if youre seriously willing to secure your job in a well reputed firm.

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Q: Explain To Me What A Brute

A:A brute-force attack is when a hacker attempts to uncover a target’s password using a permutation or fuzzing process. This type of attack takes a long time and process. And it’s because of that, that attackers use software such as Hydra or Fuzzer to automate the password creation process.

To prevent a brute force attack, you’ll need to carry out one or more of the following options:

1) Use strong passwords for your public server or web app: Include numbers, small and capital letters, and special characters to create a long and strong password.

2) Limit the number of login attempts: Either use a plugin to reduce the number of logins allowed per user. If users add their password incorrectly two or three times, they’ll be banned from accessing their account for some time.

3) Keep an eye on IP addresses: This can be considered an extension of point #2. Monitoring IP addresses allows you to see where potential hackers for a brute force attack are coming from. It also indicates suspicious activity. This step is important for businesses whose employees work remotely.

4) Use two-factor authentication: You’ll notice that many social media apps are beginning to rely on this add-security method. Google is one of those websites that uses a two-factor authentication method for when you log in for the first time via a new browser.

Is It Legal To Learn Ethical Hacking

Yes, its legal to learn ethical hacking if you are not using your skills for the wrong purpose and doing it with the permission of the owner of the system or network. Learning ethical hacking will help you test the security vulnerabilities in a system and help organizations protect their data better. A few companies hire ethical hackers separately to safeguard their data, but ethical hackers work independently as security consultants too.

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Complexity Is The Enemy Of Security

Most companies, as they grow, build unwieldy IT systems that make security extremely difficult. The cybersecurity manager can have an impact simply by reducing that complexity. Its often a good idea to look for standardised solutions others are using and apply those to your companys problems.

Say your company has 200 servers, each with its own protocols. The system is a nightmare to maintain. If you can show management how other companies have reduced similar systems to just two types of servers, your life will get much, much easier.

The company will be happy, too, because the existing complexity is probably a performance issue for them. Standardisation saves money.

While we can identify general characteristics of some companies, like startups and banks, the truth is no two companies are exactly alike. Even an experienced cybersecurity manager who moves from one company to the next will have to start over and learn about the new company. The same tactics they used at their last company may not work in the new environment. The decision-making processes in each company are always different. The stakeholders are different. The corporate cultures are different. The tolerance for cyber risk will vary by the size and age of the company, their current technology, their history of cyberattacks, the industry theyre in, and what part of the world theyre located in geographically.

What Are The Steps Used To Set Up A Firewall

Following is a list of different steps used to set up a firewall:

• Username/password: You have to modify the default password for a firewall device, which is required to make the system secure.
• Remote administration: You have to disable the feature of the remote administration.
• Port forwarding: You have to configure port forwarding accordingly to make certain applications work properly, such as a web server or FTP server.
• Disable DHCP server: When installing a firewall on a network with an existing DHCP server, it can create a conflict unless you have disabled the firewall’s DHCP.
• Enable Logging: You have to enable logging to troubleshoot firewall issues or potential attacks and understand how to view logs.
• Secure Policies: You have to set solid and secure security policies in place and ensure that the firewall is configured to enforce those policies.

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What Is The Brute Force Attack And How To Prevent It

The brute force attack is trial-and-error to guess login information, encryption keys, or PIN. In this case, hackers make all the possible ways and try to guess the credentials one by one. Brute force attacks are automated and use a password dictionary that contains millions of words that can be used as a password. So, you can try to minimize the brute force risk by adopting the following ways:

• Set password length
• Set limits on login failures

Who Are White Hat Hackers

White hat hackers are also known as security specialists specializing in penetration testing and help the organization protect their confidential and secure information from attackers. In other words, you can also call them ethical hackers who perform hacking activities to improve the network security. If you want to become an ethical hacker, you need to go through cyber security interview questions and answers to grab a golden opportunity.

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Differentiate Between Hids And Nids

HIDs look at certain host-based actions including what apps are run, what files are accessed, and what information is stored in the kernel logs. NIDs examine the flow of data between computers, often known as network traffic. They basically “sniff” the network for unusual activity. As a result, NIDs can identify a hacker before he can make an unlawful entry, whereas HIDs won’t notice anything is wrong until the hacker has already gotten into the system.

What Is A Firewall What Is The Usage Of It

A Firewall can be defined as a network security system set on the boundaries of the system/network and is used to monitor and control the network traffic. The main usage of Firewalls is to protect the system/network from viruses, worms, malware, threats etc. Firewalls can also be used to prevent remote access and content filtering.

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In Our Computing Labs Print Billing Is Often Tied To The Users Login Sometimes People Call To Complain About Bills For Printing They Never Did Only To Find Out That The Bills Are Indeed Correct

What do you infer from this situation? Justify.

Sometimes they realize they loaned their account to a friend who couldnt remember his/her password, and the friend did the printing. Thus the charges. Its also possible that somebody came in behind them and used their account

This is an issue with shared or public computers in general. If you dont log out of the computer properly when you leave, someone else can come in behind you and retrieve what you were doing, use your accounts, etc. Always log out of all accounts, quit programs, and close browser windows before you walk away.

How Would You Compromise An Office Workstation At A Hotel

Considering how infected these typically are, I wouldnt touch one with a ten-foot pole. That being said, a USB keylogger is easy to fit into the back of these systems without much notice. An autorun program would be able to run quickly and quietly leaving behind software to do the dirty work. In essence, its open season on exploits in this type of environment.

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Why Are Internal Threats Oftentimes More Successful Than External Threats

When you see something day in and day out, even if it shocks you at first, you tend to get used to it. This means that if you see somebody that pokes around day after day, month after month, you might get used to the fact that hes just curious. You let your guard down, and dont react as quickly to possible threats. On the other hand, say you have an annoyed employee that is soon to be fired and wants to show his soon to be former employer that he can bring them down. So he sells his still active credentials and key card to a local group that specializes in white-collar crime. Still other infiltrators dress up as delivery people and wander around aimlessly in office buildings, getting information off of post-it notes and papers lying around. External threats do not have access to near this level of information about the company, and more often than not do not get in as far as somebody that spent 20 bucks on a knock-off UPS uniform.

Explain Social Network Phishing

Phishing is a cybercrime technique in which attackers disguise fraudulent communications as legitimate or trustworthy in order to steal sensitive data or install malware on a targets device. Social network phishing, sometimes also referred to as angler phishing, harnesses notifications or messaging features on social media to lure targets.

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Q: What Is A Firewall

Another basic cybersecurity interview question interviewers use to see how junior cybersecurity personnel will respond.

A:A firewall is a network security system that monitors and controls traffic to protect a company’s network from viruses, malware, and other cybersecurity risks. Firewalls are used across organizations of all sizes and by individuals.

What Is The Difference Between A Threat Vulnerability And Risk

Generally, people think that threat, vulnerability and risk are the same, but there are some crucial differences between them:

Threat: A threat can be any form of hazard capable of destroying or stealing data, disrupting operations, or cause harm in general. Some examples of threats are Malware, phishing, data breaches, and even unethical employees etc. Any type of threat may be harmful for the organization, so it is essential to understand threats for developing effective mitigation and making informed cyber security decisions.

Vulnerability: Vulnerability is a possible problem or a flaw in hardware, software, personnel, or procedures that can harm the organization. Threat actors can use these vulnerabilities to achieve their objectives.

Some examples of vulnerabilities are given below:

• Physical vulnerabilities: Publicly exposed networking equipment is an example of Physical vulnerability.
• Software vulnerabilities:e. buffer overflow vulnerability in a browser.
• Human vulnerabilities:e. an employee vulnerable to phishing assaults.
• Zero-day vulnerability: It is a type of vulnerability for which a remedy is not yet available.

To cope up with vulnerabilities, we have a method called Vulnerability management. It is the process of identifying, reporting and repairing vulnerabilities.

A formula to calculate risk:

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