How Is A Variable Stored In Memory When Using Data Structures
A variable is stored based on the amount of memory that is needed. First, the required quantity of memory is assigned, and later, it is stored based on the data structure being used. Using concepts such as dynamic allocation ensures high efficiency and that the storage units can be supplied based on the requirements in real time.
Next up on this compilation of top Data Structures interview questions, we can check out the questions categorised as intermediate.
How Do The Bfs And Dfs Algorithms Work
The BFS algorithm traverses a graph in the breadthwards motion. It uses a queue to remember the next vertex for starting a search when a dead end occurs in any iteration.
A DFS algorithm traverses a graph in the depthward motion. It uses a stack for remembering the next vertex to start a search when coming across a dead end in an iteration.
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How Do Signed And Unsigned Numbers Affect Memory
Ans:-In the case of signed numbers, the first bit is used to indicate whether positive or negative, which leaves you one bit short. With unsigned numbers, you have all bits available for that number. The effect is best seen in the number range .
In the case of signed numbers, the first bit is used to indicate whether positive or negative, which leaves you one bit short. With unsigned numbers, you have all bits available for that number. The effect is best seen in the number range .
What Is The Difference Between File Structure And Storage Structure
Difference between file structure and storage structure:
The main difference between file structure and storage structure is based on memory area that is being accessed.
Storage structure: It is the representation of the data structure in the computer memory.
File structure: It is the representation of the storage structure in the auxiliary memory.
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Can You Explain The Working Of A Selection Sort
Selection sort follows a simple process to sort a list of elements. To start, the list is divided into two parts. The part on the left is sorted and the part on the right is unsorted. Initially, the list is unsorted so only the first element is on the left.
We then scan the array and find the smallest element. That element is swapped with the first element and becomes part of the sorted array. We then repeat this process with the second element and so on. The following image depicts the process.
What Are Binary Trees
A binary tree is a tree data structure made up of nodes, each of which has two offspring, known as the left and right nodes. The tree begins with a single node called the root.
Each node in the tree carries the following information:
Data
A pointing device indicates the left kid.
An arrow pointing to the correct child
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How Does The Selection Sort Work On An Array
The selection sort begins with finding the smallest element. It is switched with the element present at subscript 0. Next, the smallest element in the remaining subarray is located and switched with the element residing in the subscript 1.
The aforementioned process is repeated until the biggest element is placed at the subscript n-1, where n represents the size of the given array.
What Are The 3 Characteristics Of Data Structures
The 3 characteristics of data structures are whether they are linear or nonlinear whether they are homogenous or heterogenous and whether they are static or dynamic. These properties determine what data structure it is. For example, an array is linear and a graph is nonlinear.
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How Can You Store The Elements Of A 2d Array In The Memory
There are two techniques used to store 2D arrays:
- Row-major ordering
All of the rows of the array are stored contiguously in this technique. You start with the first row, then move on to the second, and so forth, until the entire array has been stored in the memory.
- Column-major ordering
Under this technique, the columns of the array are stored contiguously instead of the rows. You start with the first column and move on to the subsequent ones sequentially.
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What Are The Advantages Of Linked Lists Over Array
The following are the advantages of Linked Lists over Arrays:
- Dynamic Data Structure – A Linked list is a dynamic data structure so that it can grow at runtime by deallocating and allocating memory. There is no need to present the linked list initial size.
- Insertion and Deletion Operations – Insertion and Deletion operations are easier in linked lists. You need to have to update the address present in the next pointer of a node.
- Implementation – Data structures like queue, tree, and stack are easily implemented using the Linked list.
- No memory wastage – Efficient memory utilization can be achieved in the linked lists.
What Is The Working Of A Selection Sort
A selection sort is a widely used sorting algorithm in the world of Data Structures. The working is simple where the smallest entity is first found out and the index of that is set to zero, thereby permanently sorting this in the first step. The remaining steps involve iterating through other elements and adding the next index correspondingly. This is done until all of the elements are sorted.
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What Is A Binary Search Tree
A binary search tree is a data structure that stores data in a very efficient manner. It consists of two primary nodes from the root node. The main thing here is that the values of the nodes in the left sub-tree are less in number than the value of the root node, and the values of the nodes on the right of the root node are correspondingly higher than the root. Also, individually both of these left and right sub-trees are their own binary search trees at all points of time.
How Does Dynamic Memory Allocation Help In Managing Data
Ans:- Aside from being able to store simple structured data types, dynamic memory allocation can combine separately allocated structured blocks to form composite structures that expand and contract as needed.
Aside from being able to store simple structured data types, dynamic memory allocation can combine separately allocated structured blocks to form composite structures that expand and contract as needed.
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What Is Data Structure Explain
The data structure is a way that specifies how to organize and manipulate the data. It also defines the relationship between them. Some examples of Data Structures are arrays, Linked List, Stack, Queue, etc. Data Structures are the central part of many computer science algorithms as they enable the programmers to handle the data in an efficient way
Are Stack And Queue The Same Thing If Not Explain Why
Stacks and queues are different data structures. The key differences between them are:
- Stacks follow a first-in-first-out logic whereas queues employ a last-in-first-out logic.
- You can insert and delete elements only at the top of a stack. On the other hand, elements are added at one end of a queue and deleted at the other.
- Stacks use only one pointer, which is for the top of the stack. Queues need two pointers to address the front of the queue and back of the queue.
- Stacks are mainly used in problems requiring recursion whereas queues are better used in applications that require sequential processing.
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What Are The Types Of Searching Used In Data Structures
The two primary methods of searching are linear search and binary search.
Linear search involves iterating over a data unit in order to perform the required operation.
Binary search is more efficient in a way that it has the ability to split the data unit into chunks and then perform a search operation.
What Is The For
The for-in loop is a fundamental part of iterating through data structures. You should be able to describe its syntax to interviewers without hesitation.
This is the case for-in loop implementation in JavaScript. You would loop through an array by replacing the object name with the array name, and then place the piece of iterative code inside the block.
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What Is Bubble Sort And How Bubble Sort Works
Ans:- Bubble Sort is the simplest sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order. Bubble sort is a comparison-based algorithm in which each pair of adjacent elements is compared and elements are swapped if they are not in order. It is not suitable for a large set of data because the time complexity is .
Bubble Sort is the simplest sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they are in the wrong order. Bubble sort is a comparison-based algorithm in which each pair of adjacent elements is compared and elements are swapped if they are not in order. It is not suitable for a large set of data because the time complexity is .
What Do You Mean By Multidimensional Arrays
Multidimensional arrays have more than one dimension. These are arrays that have numerous layers. The two-dimensional or 2D display is the most commonly occurring multidimensional array. A 2D array is also called a matrix or a table with columns and rows. Other multidimensional arrays are also similarly structured.
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Explain The Linked List And Its Various Types
Ans:- Linked lists are of many different types. They are as follows:
- Singly Linked List Every node stores the address or reference of the next node in the linked list, leaving for the last node that stores NULL.
- Doubly Linked List Every node keeps two references. One point to the next node and the other points to the previous node.
- Circular Linked List In this type of linked list, all nodes are connected to form a circle. Hence, there is no NULL at the end. A circular linked list can either be a singly circular linked list or a double circular linked list.
Linked lists are of many different types. They are as follows:
- Singly Linked List Every node stores the address or reference of the next node in the linked list, leaving for the last node that stores NULL.
- Doubly Linked List Every node keeps two references. One point to the next node and the other points to the previous node.
- Circular Linked List In this type of linked list, all nodes are connected to form a circle. Hence, there is no NULL at the end. A circular linked list can either be a singly circular linked list or a double circular linked list.
Which Data Structures Are Applied When Dealing With A Recursive Function
Ans:- Recursion, is a function that calls itself based on a terminating condition, makes use of the stack. Because of its LIFO property, it remembers its caller so knows whom to return when the function has to return. Recursion makes use of the system stack for storing the return addresses of the function calls.
Recursion, is a function that calls itself based on a terminating condition, makes use of the stack. Because of its LIFO property, it remembers its caller so knows whom to return when the function has to return. Recursion makes use of the system stack for storing the return addresses of the function calls.
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What Do You Mean By Linear Data Structures List A Few Examples Of The Same:
Data structures can be called linear if all the elements or data-based items are structured in an upward sequence or a linear order. The elements are arranged in a non-hierarchical method so that every data prototype has predecessors and successors except the first and last data listed in the sequence.
Some famous examples of linear data structures include stacks, arrays, strings, linked lists, and queues.
What Are Signed Numbers In Data Structures
Signed numbers are the units that have a data bit at the beginning of the number that denotes if the number is positive or negative. Signed numbers have a range of -128 to +127.
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How Does Quicksort Works
Ans:- Quick Sort is a sorting algorithm, which is commonly used in computer science. Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm. It creates two empty arrays to hold elements less than the pivot value and elements greater than the pivot value, and then recursively sort the sub-arrays. There are two basic operations in the algorithm, swapping items in place and partitioning a section of the array. Quicksort uses the divide and conquer approach. It divides the list into smaller partitions using pivot. The values which are smaller than the pivot are arranged in the left partition and greater values are arranged in the right partition. Each partition is recursively sorted using quicksort.
Quick Sort is a sorting algorithm, which is commonly used in computer science. Quicksort is a divide and conquer algorithm. It creates two empty arrays to hold elements less than the pivot value and elements greater than the pivot value, and then recursively sort the sub-arrays. There are two basic operations in the algorithm, swapping items in place and partitioning a section of the array. Quicksort uses the divide and conquer approach. It divides the list into smaller partitions using pivot. The values which are smaller than the pivot are arranged in the left partition and greater values are arranged in the right partition. Each partition is recursively sorted using quicksort.
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When Is Binary Search Best Applied
Ans:- A binary search is an algorithm that is best applied to search a list when the elements are already in order or sorted. The list is searched starting in the middle, such that if that middle value is not the target search key, it will check to see if it will continue the search on the lower half of the list or the higher half. The split and search will then continue in the same manner.
A binary search is an algorithm that is best applied to search a list when the elements are already in order or sorted. The list is searched starting in the middle, such that if that middle value is not the target search key, it will check to see if it will continue the search on the lower half of the list or the higher half. The split and search will then continue in the same manner.
